The Futile Creatine Cycle powers UCP1-independent thermogenesis in classical BAT
Abstract Classical brown adipose tissue (BAT) is traditionally viewed as relying exclusively on uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) for thermogenesis via inducible proton leak.However, the physiological significance of UCP1-independent mechanisms linking substrate oxidation to ATP turnover in classical BAT has remained unclear.Here, we identify the Futile